Organizational Behaviour

Organizational behaviour

Organizational behaviour (often abbreviated as OB) is a field of study that looks at what affects behaviour within organizations. Behaviour refers to what people do in the organization, what their attitudes are, and how they perform. When we look at the different levels in the organization, we recognize that each has challenges that can affect how the levels above and below might operate. We consider the challenges at the individual, group, and organizational levels.

1. Challenges at the Individual LevelAt the individual level, managers and employees need to learn how to work with people who may be different from themselves on a variety of dimensions, including personality, perception, values, and attitudes.

2. Challenges at the Group Level

The behaviour of people in a group is more than the sum total of all the individuals acting in their own way. People’s behaviour when they are in a group differs from their behaviour when they are alone. Therefore, the next step in developing an understanding of OB is the study of group behaviour.

3. Challenges at the Organizational Level
OB becomes more complex when we move to the organizational level of analysis. Just as groups are not just the sum of individuals, organizations are not the sum of individuals and groups. There are many more interacting factors that place constraints on individual and group behaviour.

Perception, Personality, Emotions

Perception is the process by which individuals organize and interpret their impressions in order to give meaning to their environment. However, what we perceive can be substantially different from objective reality. 

FACTORS INFLUENCING PERCEPTION
1. The Perceiver
When an individual (“the perceiver”) looks at something (“the target”) and attempts to interpret what he or she sees, that interpretation is heavily influenced by the perceiver’s personal characteristics.

2. The Target 
A target’s characteristics also affect what is perceived. Loud people are more likely to be noticed in a group than are quiet ones. Extremely attractive or unattractive individuals are also more likely to be noticed. Novelty, motion, sounds, size, and other characteristics of a target shape the way we see it.

3.The Situation
The context in which we see objects or events is important.


Personality, is “the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to his environment. For our purposes, you should think of personality as the stable patterns of behaviour and consistent internal states that determine how an individual reacts to and interacts with others.

1. Personality Determinants
An early argument in personality research centred on whether an individual’s personality was predetermined at birth, or the result of the individual’s interaction with his or her environment. 
2. Personality Traits
The early work in the structure of personality revolved around attempts to identify and label enduring characteristics that describe an individual’s behaviour. Popular characteristics include shy, aggressive, submissive, lazy, ambitious, loyal, and timid. Those characteristics, when they are exhibited in a large number of situations, are called personality traits.


Emotions, are intense feelings that are directed at someone or something. contrast, moods are feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and which lack a contextual stimulus.


1. Positive emotions can be motivating for everyone in the workplace.
2. Negative emotions may make it difficult to get along with others.


KESIMPULAN:

Berdasarkan buku Understanding The Workplace What is Organizasional Behavior menyatakan bahwa Perilaku Organisasi (OB) sebagai bidang studi yang menyelidiki adanya dampak yang dimiliki individu, kelompok, dan struktur terhadap perilaku dalam suatu organisasi. Perilaku mengacu pada apa yang dilakukan orang dalam organisasi, apa sikap mereka, dan bagaimana kinerja mereka. Perilaku Organsasi (OB) juga memiliki tantangan yang dapat mempengaruhi bagaimana tingkat di atas dan di bawah ini dapat beroperasi, dan mempertimbangkan tantangan di tingkat individu, kelompok, dan organisasi. Namun tidak hanya Perilaku Organisasi (OB) saja yang dijelaskan tetapi ada beberapa teori lain yaitu mengenai Persepsi, yang mejelaskan bahwa persepsi merupakan suatu proses dimana individu mengatur dan menafsirkan kesan mereka untuk memberikan makna pada lingkungan mereka, individu berperilaku dengan cara tertentu dan bukan berdasarkan lingkungan mereka sebenarnya tetapi pada apa yang mereka lihat. Sedangkan Personality merupakan pola perilaku yang stabil dan kondisi internal secara konsisten yang menentukan bagaimana individu bereaksi dan berinteraksi dengan orang lain. Teori emosi merupakan perasaan intens yang diarahkan pada seseorang. Emosi terbagi menjadi dua yaitu Emosi positif, dapat memotivasi semua orang di tempat kerja, dan Emosi negatif dapat membuat sulit berinteraksi dengan orang lain.

Sumber:
Langton, N., & Robbins, S. P. (2007). Organizational behaviour: Concepts, controversies, applications. Pearson Prentice Hall.